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The tensile-strength test is basically destructive; in the process of collecting material, the sample is ruined. While this is not an issue when a large sample of the sample material is available, nondestructive procedures are preferred for materials that are costly or difficult to make up or that have been shaped into completed or semifinished samples.

Liquids

One common nondestructive process, utilized to see surface cracks and weaknesses in metals, requires a penetrating liquid, either visibly dyed or fluorescent. After being rubbed on the surface of the metal and allowed to soak into any tiny imperfections, the liquid is removed, leaving brightly perceptible markings and flaws. Another such process, used for nonmetals, requires an electrically charged liquid pasted on the nonmetal surface. After the extra liquid is cleared off, a dry powder of opposite charge is sprayed on the sample and draws to the breaks. Neither of these techniques, however, can identify internal weak points.

Radiation

Internal, like external weaknesses, can be found with X-ray or gamma-ray machines in which the radiation passes through the metal and implicates on a subject photographic film. On some occasions, it can be possible to focus the X rays onto a significant area within the metal, allowing a 3-dimensional description of the flaw markings as well as its site.

Sound

Ultrasonic inspection of parts takes transmission of sound waves higher than human hearing range through the sample. In the reflection process, a sound wave is sent over one area of the test material, reflected with the opposite part, and signalled onto a receiver that is situated at the original end. Upon isolating a mark or imperfection in the material, the sound wave is reflected and its signal adapted. The actual delay is a measure of the location of the imperfection; a map of the piece can then be made to illustrate the area and form of the marks. With the through-transmission technique, the transmitter and receiver need to be started on the opposite ends of the material; delays in the transmission of the sound waves are studied to isolate and measure imperfections. Usually a water medium is employed in which transmitter, sample, and receiver will be immersed.

Magnetism

As the magnetic aspects of a object are heavily shown by its overall structure, magnetic techniques are used to isolate the area and indicative geometry of voids and imperfections. With magnetic testing, an item is used that holds a large length of wire through which flows a steady alternating current (primary coil). Placed within the primary wire is a shorter coil (the secondary coil), to which is attached an electrical measuring tool. The steady current in the primary coil makes further current to flow through the secondary coil through the method of induction. If an iron sample is put in the secondary coil, acute changes in the secondary current can isolate defects in the sample. This technique only finds differences within sections within the length of a sample and will not isolate elongated or continuous flaws that readily. Another such skill, using eddy currents induced by a primary coil, also should be used to isolate errors and cracks. A steady current is induced in part of the test material. Cracks that are located across the path of the current determine resistance of the test item; this alteration will then be measured with suitable methods.

Infrared

Infrared processes also have been employed to isolate material continuity in complicated structural objects. In testing the durability of adhesive joints in the sandwich core and facing sheets in a standard sandwich construct object like plywood, for example, heat is applied to the face of the sandwich skin object. When bond lines are found to be continuous, the core parts allow a heat marking on the surface material, and the local temperatures of the skin will spread steadily on those bond lines. When a bond line may be too small, missing, or erroneous, however, temperature will not fall. Infrared photography of the front does indicate the geography and shape of the flawed adhesive. Another such process uses thermal coatings to change appearance upon reaching a determined heat.

Finally, nondestructive processes also are being found to reveal a total understanding of the mechanical elements of a test material. Ultrasonics and thermal methods seem to be most promising in this regard.

Looking for NDT Brisbane? For Brisbane non-destructive testing, contact Just Inspections today.

Many small businesses spend far too much time on debt collection rather than their core business. Over the last 2-3 months I’ve noticed an increasing lag in payment cycles.

If you are in any sort of operation that uses small businesses as service providers or product suppliers it’s well worth your while to pay your bills on time and completely ignore to some “clever” accountants mantra of not paying until the second reminder. Guess what? People are human and they will pay back and pay forward. One way or the other you will pay in the end for screwing around your suppliers.

Here’s why:

1. If you pay on time you will get much better service. I know with my clients, the one’s who pay on time or early get the best service, day or night 365 days per year. These are A-Class clients. They pay on time or early, don’t bitch about the price, and as a result get excellent service and great value for money. They respect me, and I respect them. We both win.

2. If you don’t pay on time you reputation is on the line. Small business owners love to gossip. They slag off any customers who pay late. And with the Internet so freely available, your reputation can become crap overnight with one blog post. This leads into …

3. If you don’t pay on time, you can end up paying a premium. The current cost of money is about 1.5% per month. If your payment reputation is shite, than expect to pay at least 10-15 % more than if it were good or unknown. In some cases bad payers can be locked out of they supply chain completely and have to spend enormous amounts of time to find a new supplier.

With existing suppliers, if you screw them around, they will either add 10% to their next quote, or refer you to a lower-class competitor - hoping to send them broke because you don’t pay when due.

4. If you pay on time your staff don’t get harassed by debt collectors from your supplier’s accounts departments. This is a big source of staff burn-out. If you pay on time your staff won’t have to make up excuses for late payment and may actually start to enjoy their jobs.

In summary, if you want good service, good products, happier staff and ongoing loyalty, pay on time or before time and ignore your accountant’s advice.

What do you think? Why do you like early payment or not?

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